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Principle and advantages of semiconductor cooler

2025-09-18

Principle

1. Seebeck Effect (First Thermoelectric Effect)

A temperature difference generates an electric potential (voltage), which in turn generates an electromotive force in a closed circuit.



2. Peltier Effect (Second Thermoelectric Effect)

When two dissimilar metals form a closed circuit and a DC current flows through the circuit, a temperature difference is generated between the two junctions.


Advantages

1. No moving parts

2. Small size and weight

3. Can cool down to below ambient temperature

4. The same device can meet both heating and cooling requirements

5. Precise temperature control

6. High reliability: Lifespan typically exceeds 200,000 hours

7. Electronically silent: Generates no electronic interference signals or noise

8. Operates at any angle

9. Simple and convenient energy supply: Utilizes direct DC power; pulse-width modulation (PWM) for point cooling

10. Power generation: By applying a temperature difference to the thermoelectric cooler, using its "reverse process," it can be transformed into a small DC generator.

11. Environmentally friendly.



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